Dear Readers,
Islam is the whole of the
spiritual values that make
the human a mature, decent and happy. He becomes a perfect human being in this way. Islam is a teaching
system which belongs to Allah (swt). Islam is
the tawhid (oneness) belief that is based on accepting and approving that Allah
is the only creator and owner of the divine order, which is clear in the word Lailahe illallah (There is no god, but
Allah). The goal of the system is purifying the human from his selfish human personality that always creates
problems, and equipping him with divine virtues, and making
him mature and happy.
The religion is Islam in the sight of Allah (swt). All the Messengers ordered Islam since Adam
(pbuh). However,
the human beings
interpreted the orders changing and
destroying them in every period.
Therefore, Islam scholars tried
hard for the last religion ordered to human not to be changed with misunderstandings, and misinterpretations.
# 4 Sources of religious knowledge
The last book
Allah (swt) revealed to Rasulullah to nurture,
lead and explain the mistakes in the past, giving information about hereafter, and report His commandments to
human is called Qur'an. The
straight path commanded
by Qur'an is called "Sirat al-Mustaqim".
The most important source of the religious knowledge is "Qur'an". Qur'an is the most
accurate and trustable divine resource. Because, Allah himself took over his
protection:
"We have, without
doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard
it."
(Hijr, 9)
The last Messenger Mohammad
Aleyhisselam had shown the right path to the human by living in accordance to
it. His moral reflected the moral of Qur'an. The words
and behaviors of Rasulullah which survived up to now
are called "Sunnah". The
written statements of Sunnahs are called Hadiths. There are tens of thousands
of Hadiths written in the books today.
The second most important source
of the religious knowledge are these "Hadiths".
The people who believed Rasulullah
and became subject to him listening and inspiring from him are called the
companions of Rasulullah "Sahaba-al-kiram". There are approximately 60 thousand
"Sahaba" and Paradise is promised to all of them in
Qur'an. Many of them sacrificed themselves for
Allah (swt). They were all very honest people. Ijma-i ummah (consensus of the ummah) are the
statements and behaviors that Sahaba-al-kiram verified without any hesitations.
The third source of the religious knowledge is this consensus of Sahaba-al-kiram which is called "Ijma-i ummah".
Scholars as Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam
Shafi'i, Imam Malik and Ahmad ibn Hanbal decided on the
issues which people hesitate based on the
previous sources. The provisions are called Ijtihad
(case law, interpretation of the theological law) and their contents are
accepted as evidences in the religion. "The Ijtihad" composes the fourth source of the religious
knowledge.
The primary source of Islam is
certainly Qur'an. The issues which are closed in Qur'an are defined by Hadiths
of Rasulullah and the issues that are not clear in Hadiths were clarified with
the common behaviors of Sahaba-al Kiram. The
problematic issues of the details are cleared by the interpretations of the interpreters of Islamic law; so almost every issue in the
religion of Allah (Swt) became clear. Islamic scholars have written tens of
thousands books using 4 sources. They tried to teach the people the straight
path "Sirat al-Mustaqim". The
correct life
style of the Muslims that was acquired from
4 sources are called "The ahl al-sunnah path". This is the life
style that Allah (swt) commanded and it will lead us to salvation.
Dear Readers,
"The
correct life style" that our Rab prescribed for us is Islam. Islam is a life style of which outlines, rules and sanctions are presented by
Qur'an. It is exemplified with life and statements of
Rasulullah (s.a.w). Its frame and details are drawn with life sections of Sahaba-al-kiram.
And it reinterpreted with
jurisprudence of interpreters of Islamic law for the changing life conditions
of every era. This life style is nothing but
a divine organization that supports and suits the divine order we call the
Universe.
The right path defined by 4
sources which are called "Shar'i
Dalail " (The Legal Proofs) (Qur'an, Sunnah, consensus of the ummah, case law) is
called the ahl al-sunnah path. This "ahl al-sunnah path" is the right
interpretation of Qur'an by Rasulullah, Sahaba, and interpreters of Islamic
law. That must be remembered when Islam is mentioned. The other paths rather
than "The ahl al-sunnah path" are not respected in Islam.
The deviances in
religion which emerged in time are called
"Bid'ah". Every bid'ah takes away a brick from the perfect Islam structure. The most important reasons of bid'ahs are the
attempt of the human who has a conflict between the
wishes of his nafs and commandments of Allah to change the religion in
accordance with his desires. Therefore, it is not
possible to consider bid'ahs
positively.
# Each Bid'ah destroys a sunnah
Rasulullah stated strong words
about the people involved in bid'ahs because every bid'ah destroys a sunnah.
"When
a Bid’ah is created then a Sunnah dies." [I. Ahmad]
"Every
bid'ah is a misguidance and every misguidance goes to Hell fire." [Buhari, Muslim, Ibni Mace, Nesai]
"Prays,
feats, pilgrimage, jihad, religious duties and supererogatory prayers of the bid’ah inventors are
not accepted. They easily go out from the religion." [Ibni Mace]
"Whoever
innovates something that do not suit the religion that is bid'ah and it
cannot be accepted." [Buhari, Muslim, Ebu Davud]
"Damn
the people who innovates something and who protect the innovators.” [Buhari]
The people
who are aware of the real religion are given tasks to prevent Bid'ah:
"The scholars inform
everyone when bid'ahs are expanded and the new people
of the society damn the previous ones. Whoever keeps the knowledge hides Qur'an." [I.
Asakir]
"The
scholars introduce the knowledge when bid'ahs emerged. Damn the people who hide
the knowledge!" [Deylemi]
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