Dear readers,
The paper, ink and similar material parts
(Mus'haf) of Qur’an which we take in our hands for reading is surely from the
realm of Creation. That is to say, it is a creature. However, the statements it
contains, the order and organization of those statements and the divine meaning
conveyed by those statements, all belong to Allah (s.w.t.) Himself. And what is
meant when we say "Qur’an"
is those statements. They are the manifestations of Allah's attribute of speech
(Kalaam) and they are not among the created. Therefore, it would be blasphemous
to claim that Qur’an is a creature.
Some English sources include descriptions like "the Qur’an written by Mohammad",
"Mohammad's book Qur’an" or "Qur’an's
author: Mohammad". Such descriptions are resulted by a lack of proper
knowledge regarding Allah, Islam and prophets.
The last prophet Mohammad (s.a.w.) was an ummi,
that is, an illiterate. He did not author any book either. Qur’an was revealed
to him directly by the angel Gabriel. In other saying, every letter, every word
and every sentence of it belong to Allah.
# Words of Allah (s.w.t.) are infinite like His science
Dear readers, the number of words many of us
use in our daily life does not exceed 800 or 1000. And maybe some of our
intellectuals speak and write 10 to 15,000 words. Cultural level of people is
often measured by the number of words and terms they know because of each word
denotes a concept, an idea, a piece of information. Shortly, the number of
words and terms familiarized is a measure of the scientific and cultural level.
When Allah (s.w.t.) created Adam, therefore, He expressed to His angels His
pride on Adam's naming things. (See Al-Baqarah, 31 to 33). Despite this
highlighting by the Sustainer of All Realms, humankind has managed to fully
comprehend the importance of naming things only in the last a few centuries.
And only in the last quarter century they have become able to grasp the deep
meaning of the hadith of Rasulullah (s.a.w.):
"The highest of
ranks is that of science"'[Hadarat-ul-quds]
This is why the current era is called the "age of information". And I
leave it to your discretion whether the World of Islam has been able to grasp
the importance of this yet. In short, the systematic studies in the last a few
centuries started by Linnaeus have enabled the classification of tens of
thousands of plants, animals and microorganisms; new terms have been coined for
hundreds of new diseases and thousands of new chemicals; and thousands of new
technological products with new names have been introduced. So, hundreds of
thousands of plants, animals, microorganisms, procedures, techniques, methods,
products, space objects, home appliances have been named, and the number of
entries in dictionaries has reached hundreds of thousands. All these are the
most significant evidences showing how the divine will manifests and how the
Sustainer of All Realms takes humanity towards a great development. Through the
human, which He has created as the most honorable of all creatures, Allah
(s.w.t.) has been reshaping the world, so to speak, which He has put into the
service of the human and on which He has designated the human as His Caliph.
Despite all these, dear readers, the number of
words and terms even in the most advanced dictionaries does not exceed one
million whereas Allah's words are infinite just like his science:
"Say: If the ocean were ink (wherewith to
write out) the words of my Lord, sooner would the ocean be exhausted than would
the words of my Lord, even if we added another ocean like it, for its
aid."'[Kahf, 109]
How can ever the Creator be incapable of
knowing and naming His creatures?
So Qur’an is a manifestation of the kalaam attribute of Allah (s.w.t.) and
it was descended in the Arabic language, which was the richest language of that
time and which, to this day, preserves its richness almost to the same extent,
and Qur’an has also contributed many new concepts to the Arabic language.
# Qur’an is a protected book
Dear readers,
The declaration by Allah (s.w.t.) to prophets
of those principles which will ensure salvation in this world and in the
hereafter for humans is called "revelation"
(wahy). Revelation is the process
of angel Gabriel's reading Allah's commands and prohibitions to prophets.
Qur’an was revealed verse by verse in 23 years.
This revelation took place in various ways:
"One of them was the 'true dreams' which
came exactly true in the real world. The beloved wife of our Prophet, Aisha
(r.a.) said, "The dreams of the
Prophet (s.a.w.) used to come true precisely. His dreams were as clear as the
light of morning."'For about 6 months, Qur’an was revealed through
dreams.
The second was the revelations which Gabriel
(a.s.) brought in disguise of a human being. Gabriel often used to approach in
disguise of Dihyah, which was a handsome Sahabah.
And Gabriel sometimes came without being seen,
with a hum or rattle like sound. It is stated that verses of fear and agony
were revealed like this.
Revelations were also inspired to the heart of
the Prophet (s.a.w.) when he was fully awake. And they came in other ways as
well.
When a revelation came, drops of sweat just
like raindrops appeared on the blessed face of the Prophet even in cold winter
days. In such situations, those around him were influenced in such a great
extent that sometimes they could not even move their hands and arms. Once,
Mohammad (s.a.w.) received a revelation while he was on a camel and the animal
had to kneel down on its hind legs." [1]
# The Messenger of Allah used to memorize revelations and never forget them.
The Messenger of Allah (s.w.t.) used to
memorize revelations and never forget them. The message of a verse from Qur’an:
"By degrees shall We teach thee
(the Message), so thou shalt not forget,"'[A'la, 6]
The Prophet (s.a.w.) used to declare
revelations coming to him to Ashab al-kiram so that they could also memorize
them.
For 14 centuries, numerous atheists and enemies
of Islam have been displaying a violent desire, greed and effort to change and
corrupt Qur’an. Despite this fact, Qur’an has reached our time without any
slightest change.
It is stated in a Qur’anic verse:
"We have, without doubt, sent down
the Message; and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption)."'[Hijr,
9]
# Any alteration in Qur’an is never possible
It is not possible to make any alteration in
Qur’an due to the reasons I will relate below.
When Gabriel revealed each verse, he also
stated their sequence and to which surah they belonged to. Rasulullah (s.a.w.)
used to instruct his revelation-scribes and they would write down the
instructed verses. When a verse was revealed, almost everyone would memorize it
and recite them in their prayers.
Besides, each year in the Ramadan month,
Gabriel (a.s.) would come, sit face-to-face with Mohammad, the Prophet would
recite and Gabriel would listen to him and correct any deficiency or error.
This activity was called a "muqabala"
(reciprocation). It continued regularly until the death of the Prophet
(s.a.w.). After his death, this has been maintained by Moslems for centuries as
his sunnah.
In muqabalah, often in our mosques, a juz (20
pages) is recited before each morning prayer. A hodja effendi and his several
assistants recite and Muslims who have a good command of Qur’an (about 15 to 20
people) follow them and warn them in the case of any error in the recitation. A
full recitation of Qur’an in this way is called a "khatm". So the "khatm al Qur’an" is completed
with the month Ramadan.
Today, on the other hand, there are thousands
of "Hafizs" who can recite
the complete Qur’an from their memory.
Moreover, Muslims in tens of thousands of
mosques and millions of houses in the world recite Qur’an in their prayers that
they perform five times a day and, in this way, hundreds of Qur’an verses are
imprinted in their brains. How possibly could they have altered it?
Therefore, it is absolutely impossible for any
publisher to make any slightest alteration in Qur’an because any error would
immediately be revealed in muqabalahs and in the repetitions of hafizs.
Be entrusted to Allah.
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[1] Ilhan Apak (Co-ed.), 1994. Yeni Rehber Ansiklopedisi, Vahiy bahsi. Ihlas Gazetecilik Holding A.S., Istanbul
